解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract:RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:This study focuses on ADs in the Netherlands and introduces a cross-cultural perspective by comparing it with other countries. METHODS:A questionnaire was sent to a panel comprising 1621 people representative of the Dutch population. The response was 86%. RESULTS:95% of the respondents didn't have ...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01788.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper I analyse the ethical implications of the two main competing methodologies in genomic research. I do not aim to provide another contribution from the mainstream legal and public policy perspective; rather I offer a novel approach in which I analyse and describe the patent-and-publish regime (the propriet...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01723.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ought we to improve our cognitive capacities beyond the normal human range? It might be a good idea to level out differences between peoples cognitive capacities; and some people's reaching beyond normal capacities may have some good side-effects on society at large (but also bad side-effects, of course). But is there...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00721.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many neuroscientists have claimed that our minds are just a function of and thus reducible to our brains. I challenge neuroreductionism by arguing that the mind emerges from and is shaped by interaction among the brain, body, and environment. The mind is not located in the brain but is distributed among these three en...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01727.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inevitable need for rationing of healthcare has apparently presented the medical profession with the dilemma of choosing the lesser of two evils. Physicians appear to be obliged to adopt either an implausible version of traditional professional ethics or an equally problematic ethics of bedside rationing. The form...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00652.x
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper analyses the concept of empirical ethics as well as three meta-ethical fallacies that empirical ethics is said to face: the is-ought problem, the naturalistic fallacy and violation of the fact-value distinction. Moreover, it answers the question of whether empirical ethics (necessarily) commits these three ...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01710.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent case of the UK woman who lost her legal struggle to be impregnated with her own frozen embryos, raises critical issues about the meaning of reproductive autonomy and the scope of regulatory practices. I revisit this case within the context of contemporary debate about the moral and legal dimensions of assis...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00676.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past decade, the perception of a bioterrorist threat has increased and created a demand on life scientists to consider the potential security implications of dual use research. This article examines a selection of proposed moral obligations for life scientists that have emerged to meet these concerns and the ex...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00695.x
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respect for confidentiality is firmly established in codes of ethics and law. Medical care and the patients' trust depend on the ability of the doctors to maintain confidentiality. Without a guarantee of confidentiality, many patients would want to avoid seeking medical assistance The principle of confidentiality, how...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00654.x
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following Bernheim,(1) we examine aspects of 'felicitometrics,'(2) the measurement of the 'quality' term in Quality of Life (QOL). Bernheim argued that overall QOL is best captured as the Gestalt(3) of a global self-assessment and suggested that the Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) approach, in which subj...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00642.x
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respect for autonomy is problematic in relation to public health programmes such as vaccination, as the success of such programmes depends on widespread compliance. European countries have different policies for dealing with objectors to vaccination programmes. In some countries compliance is compulsory, while in othe...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00630.x
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many people have moral qualms about embryo research, feeling that embryos must deserve some kind of protection, if not so much as is afforded to persons. This paper will show that these qualms serve to camouflage motives that are really prudential, at the cost of also obscuring the real ethical issues at play in the d...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00639.x
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Observers who note the increasing popularity of bioethics discussions often complain that the social sciences are poorly represented in discussions about things like abortion and stem-cell research. Critics say that bioethicists should be incorporating the methods and findings of social scientists, and should move tow...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2007.00621.x
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper is a critique of Norman Daniels' and James Sabin's 'Accountability for Reasonableness' framework for making priority-setting decisions in health care in the face of widespread disagreement about values. Accountability for Reasonableness has been rapidly gaining worldwide acceptance, arguably to the point of...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2007.00605.x
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ethical aspects of placebo control in clinical trials have been extensively and controversially debated in the last decade. However, a thorough analytical comparison of the different existing international regulations, their terminologies and their ethical principles concerning placebo, is still missing. The centr...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2007.00587.x
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we argue that sex-selective abortion (SSA) cannot be morally justified and that it should be prohibited. We present two main arguments against SSA. First, we present reasons why the decision for a woman to seek SSA in cultures with strong son-preference cannot be regarded as autonomous on either a narrow...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2007.00599.x
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent ethical and legal challenges have arisen concerning the rights of individuals over their IVF embryos, leading to questions about how, when the wishes of parents regarding their embryos conflict, such situations ought to be resolved. A notion commonly invoked in relation to frozen embryo disputes is that of repr...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2007.00581.x
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variation in decision-making about end-of-life care among ethnic groups creates clinical conflicts. In order to understand changes in preferences for end-of-life care among Japanese who immigrate to the United States, we conducted 18 focus groups with 122 participants: 65 English-speaking Japanese Americans, 29 Japane...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2007.00551.x
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews the dynamics behind, and ethical issues associated with, the phenomenon of drug resistance. Drug resistance is an important ethical issue partly because of the severe consequences likely to result from the increase in drug resistant pathogens if more is not done to control them. Drug resistance is a...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2006.00542.x
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper considers what should be done about offers of organs for transplant that come with racist strings attached. Saving lives or improving their quality seem powerful reasons to accept the offer. Fairness, justice, and rejecting racism seem like powerful reasons against. This paper argues that conditional alloca...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2007.00526.x
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Don Marquis argues that abortion is morally wrong in most cases since it deprives the fetus of the value of its future. I criticize Marquis's argument for the modified conservative view by adopting an argumentative strategy in which I work within his basic account: if it is granted that his fundamental idea is sound, ...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2006.00503.x
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The future development of bioethics has been discussed in a number of articles in recent years, principally with regard to the trend towards empirical studies. However, what is meant by empirical studies in this context and how it is to be used concretely have been subject to varying interpretations. The purpose of th...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2006.00492.x
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prominent international and national ethics commissions such as the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee rarely achieve anything remotely resembling gender equality, although local research and ethics committees are somewhat more egalitarian. Under-representation of women is particularly troubling when the subject...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2006.00485.x
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::When applying moral principles to concrete cases, we assume a background shared understanding of the boundaries of the persons to whom the principles apply. In most contexts, this assumption is unproblematic. However, in end-of-life contexts, when patients are receiving 'artificial' life-support, judgments about where...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2006.00481.x
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discussion on ethical issues, it is said, should not be confined to experts but should be extended to patients and local communities, because of the real need to engage stakeholders and non-stakeholders alike not only in carrying out any biomedical research project, but also in the drafting and legislation of bioe...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00464.x
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::If we have a duty not to infect others, how far does it go? This question is often discussed with respect to HIV transmission, but reflection on other diseases like influenza raises a number of interesting theoretical issues. I argue that a duty to avoid infection not only yields requirements for persons who know they...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00446.x
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::When patients refuse to receive medical treatment, the consequences of honouring their decisions can be tragic. This is no less true of patients who autonomously decide to refuse treatment. I distinguish three possible implications of these autonomous decisions. According to the Permissibility Claim, such a decision i...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00436.x
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The choice to pursue fertility treatments is a complex one. In this paper I explore the issues of choice, agency, and gender as they relate to assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). I argue that narrative approaches to bioethics such as those by Arthur Frank and Hilde Lindemann Nelson clarify judgments about auton...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00428.x
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2001, Julian Savulescu wrote an article entitled 'Procreative Beneficence: Why We Should Select the Best Children', in which he argued for the genetic selection of intelligence in children. That article contributes to a debate on whether genetic research on intelligence should be undertaken at all and, if so, shoul...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00422.x
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::As bioethics emerged in the 1960s and 1970s and began to have enormous impacts on the practice of medicine and research--fuelled, by broad socio-political changes that gave rise to the struggles of women, African Americans, gay men and lesbians, and the antiauthoritarianism impulse that characterised the New Left in d...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2004.00412.x
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::CIOMS has been criticised for not adequately consulting stakeholders about its revised ethical guidelines regarding medical research. Political and logistical issues that arise in democratic processes and open exchange of information probably contributed to this exclusion. What might CIOMS have done to be more inclusi...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2004.00395.x
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human beings are essentially vulnerable in the view that their existence qua humans is not given but constructed. This vulnerability received basic protection from the State, expressed in the form of the universal rights all citizens are meant to enjoy. In addition, many individuals fall prey to destitution and depriv...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00361
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human cloning has been simultaneously a running joke for massive worldwide publicity of fringe groups like the Raelians, and the core issue of an international movement at the United Nations in support of a treaty to ban the use of cloning techniques to produce a child (so called reproductive cloning). Yet, even thoug...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00365
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distinction between stakeholders and shareholders frequently employed in business ethics can illuminate challenges faced by a bioethics advisory panel. I use the distinction to reflect back on the work of an advisory panel on which I served, a panel on US transplant policy. The panel hearings were akin to a shareh...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00348
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years philosophers and bioethicists have given considerable attention to the concept of care. Thus we have seen important work on questions such as: whether there is a uniquely female approach to ethics, whether ethics should be partial or impartial, and whether care must be supplemented by justice. Despite ...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00318
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article I consider the case of the surgical separation of conjoined twins resulting in the immediate and predictable death of the weaker one. The case was submitted to English law by the hospital, and the operation permitted against the parents' wishes. I consider the relationship between the legal decision an...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00322
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this paper is to describe the scientific background to the current ethical and legislative debates about the generation and use of human stem cells, and to give an overview of the ethical issues underlying these debates. The ethical issues discussed are 1) stem cells and the status of the embryo, 2) wom...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00307
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this essay, we present three case studies which suggest that sometimes we are better off supporting a so-called irrational suicide, and that emotional or psychological distress--even if medically controllable--might justify a suicide. We underscore how complicated these decisions are and how murky a physician's mor...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00300
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic organ diseases and the increasing demand for organ transplantation have become an important health care problem within the last few decades. Campaigns and regulations to encourage people to donate organs after death have not met with much success. This article discusses the subject from an Islamic perspective....
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00254
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An established ethical principle of biomedical research involving human subjects stipulates that risk to subjects should be proportionate to an experiment's potential benefits. Sometimes this principle is imprecisely stated as a requirement that 'risks and benefits' be balanced. First, it is noted why this language is...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00244
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00